Wherein the party of the first part hereby confuses the party of the second part.
The legal question of which court gets to deal with your problem, which usually results in everyone pointing at each other like that Spider-Man meme. Where you get sued matters almost as much as why you get sued.
A judge's decision to overrule a jury's verdict when no reasonable jury could have reached that conclusion. It's the judicial equivalent of 'I know what you said, but you're wrong,' and it's as rare as it sounds.
The theory and philosophy of law, or the body of judicial decisions in a particular area. It's what legal scholars study when they want to think deeply about law rather than actually practice it.
The formal decision rendered by a court determining the rights and obligations between parties in a lawsuit. This legally binding proclamation either makes lawyers very happy or sends them scrambling to file an appeal. Once entered, it's the closest thing the legal system has to "because I said so," except enforceable by sheriffs and wage garnishments.
The theoretical ideal of fairness and moral rightness that the legal system strives for, with varying degrees of success depending on who you ask and how much money they have. It's simultaneously an abstract principle, a person's title (as in Justice Sotomayor), and what everyone claims to seek while pursuing completely opposite outcomes. Philosophy majors write theses about it; everyone else just knows it when they see it, except when they disagree.
Relating to judges, courts, and the branch of government that interprets laws and settles disputes when people can't act like adults. It's the formal system of black robes, gavels, and procedural rules that makes lawyers rich. When something requires judicial intervention, you know negotiations have failed spectacularly and someone's about to spend a lot of money on legal fees.
The fancy Latin-flavored word for everything related to judges doing their judging—the whole apparatus of courts, judicial power, and the process of administering justice. It's essentially the collective noun for the people in robes who decide if you're right or wrong. Legal scholars use it when 'the courts' sounds too pedestrian for their law review articles.
In legal terminology, a person too young to face the full wrath of the adult criminal justice system, because apparently your brain isn't fully criminal until later. The age-based get-out-of-jail-slightly-easier card that recognizes teenagers make terrible decisions but don't deserve permanent records. A minor who committed a crime and gets processed through a justice system with training wheels.
The minimum amount in controversy or specific criteria required for a court to hear a case, essentially a cover charge for accessing justice. It's why you can't sue in federal court over your neighbor's $20 borrowed lawnmower.